【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforUsingOctanol-WaterPartitionCoefficienttoEstimateMedianLethalConcentrationsforFishDuetoNarcosis
【原文标准名称】:用辛醇水分配系数测定鱼因麻醉的中长致死浓度的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTME1242-1997(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1997
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.01
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Alcohol;Aromaticcompounds;Chemicals(environmentalanalysis);Ether;Fatheadminnow;Fishes;Hydrocarbonsolvents;Ketones;LC50test;Lethalconcentrations;Meyer-Overtontoxicity;Narcosis;Octanol/waterpartitioncoefficient;Organiccompounds--wate
【摘要】:ThisprocedurecanbeusedtolimittheneedforscreeningtestspriortoperformingatestforestimatingtheLC50ofanon-reactiveandnon-electrolyticchemicaltothefatheadminnow.Byeliminatingthescreeningtest,fewerfishneedbetested.Thetimeusedforpreparingandperformingthescreeningtestcanalsobesaved.ThevalueobtainedinthisprocedurecanbeusedasthepreliminaryestimateoftheLC50inafull-scaletest.Estimatescanbeusedtosettestingpriorityofgroupsofnon-reactiveandnon-electrolyticchemicals.Iftheestimatedvalueismorethan0.3timestheexperimentalvalue,themechanismofactionisprobablynarcosis.Ifless,theeffectconcentrationisconsideredtoreflectadifferentmechanismofaction.ThispracticeestimatesamaximumLC50,thatis,non-reactiveandnon-electrolyticchemicalsareatleastastoxicasthepracticepredicts,butmayhavealowerLC50ifactingbyamorespecificmechanism.Dataonachemicalindicatingalowertoxicitythanpredictedshouldbeconsideredsuspectoranartifactbecauseoflimitedsolubilityofthetestmaterial.1.1Thispracticecoversaprocedureforestimatingthefatheadminnow(Pimephalespromelas)96-hLC50ofnonreactive(thatis,covalentlybondedwithoutunsaturatedresidues)andnonelectrolytic(thatis,requirevigorousreagentstofacilitatesubstitution,addition,replacementreactionsandarenon-ionic,non-dissociatinginaqueoussolutions)organicchemicalsactingsolelybynarcosis,alsoreferredtoasMeyer-Overtontoxicityrelationship.1.2Thisprocedureisaccuratefororganicchemicalsthataretoxicduetonarcosisandarenon-reactiveandnon-electrolytic.Examplesofappropriatechemicalsare:alcohols,ketones,ethers,simplehalogenatedaliphatics,aromatics,andaliphaticsubstitutedaromatics.Itisnotappropriateforchemicalswhosestructuresincludeapotentialtoxiphore(thatstructuralcomponentofachemicalmoleculethathasbeenidentifiedtoshowmammaliantoxicity,forexampleCNisknowntobereponsibleforinactivationofenzymes,NO2fordecouplingofoxidativephosphorylation,bothleadingtomammaliantoxicity).Examplesofinappropriatechemicalsare:carbamates,organophosphates,phenols,beta-gammaunsaturatedalcohols,electrophiles,andquaternaryammoniumsalts.
【中国标准分类号】:Z19
【国际标准分类号】:07_080
【页数】:2P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语